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Ekonomi: Jawaban kisi-kisi UAS kelas 8 SMP St Yosef

Jawaban KISI-KISI EKONOMI SMPST YOSEF kls 8<br />
<strong><span style="color: red;">Answered by <span style="font-size: large;">SATRIA ADI</span></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: red;">email : <a href="mailto:satriaadi45@gmail.com">satriaadi45@gmail.com</a></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: red;">PIN = 766F9264</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: red;">Facebook = <a href="http://www.facebook.com/satriaadi.santoz">http://www.facebook.com/satriaadi.santoz</a></span></strong><strong><span style="color: red;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: red;"></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: lime;">Silahkan dicopy :D</span></span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: red;"><span style="color: blue;">Demi kenaikan kelas bersama </span>  </span></strong><br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Masalah ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">N<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> pengangguran
pada dasarnya terjadi krn jumlah lapangan pekerjaan yg tersedia lebih kecil dr
jumlah tenaga kerja yg tersedia</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">N<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jumlah angkatan kerja tinggi</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> jumlah
penduduk mempunyai hub langsung dg jumlah angkatan kerja. semakin tinggi jumlah
penduduk suatu Negara, semakin tinggi juga jumlah angkatan kerja yang tersedia.
Akibatnya, kebutuhan akan lap pekerjaan Negara itu bertambah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">N<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tingkat pendidikan & keterampilan angkatan kerja rendah</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> membuat mayoritas penduduk<sup><span style="font-size: x-small;">2</span></sup> Indonesia masih bergantung pada
sector yg relative sederhana dan menyerap banyak tenaga kerja</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">N<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Penyebaran angkatan kerja tidak
merata</i></b> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> perbedaan kemakmuran antara daerah yg mengalami pembangunan dengan
daerah lainnya sgt besar. Akibatnya, urbanisasi dan transmigrasi dlm skala
besar terjadi secara tidak terkendali</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">N<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perlindungan kesejahteraan tenaga kerja belum maksimal</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> masih banyak tenega kerja yg Upahnya kurang dari standard minimum,
penyiksaan,dll sehingga produktivitas/motivasi dan kesejahteraan menurun</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Orang yang bekerja kurang dari 35 jam
perminggu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Angkatan kerja</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">:</i></b> Penduduk berusia kerja, yaitu antara 15-65 tahun, yang
bekerja / punya pekerjaan tapi sementara dan tidk bekerja tapi mencari
pekerjaan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tenaga Kerja<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>:</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Setiap orang yang sedang melakukan pekerjaan, baik dalam maupun luar
hubungan kerja gun menghasilkan barang/jasa untuk memenuhi keb. masyarakat</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Faktor yang mempengaruhi masalah tenaga kerja
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">X<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kemiskinan</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> masyarakat miskin sulit mendapatkan
pendidikan tinggi sehingga produktivitas menurun</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">X<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Stabilitas politik, iklim investasi, dan regulasi pemerintah</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> iklim investasi & regulasi pemerintah yang bersahabat akan membawa
dampak positif pada perekonomian</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">X<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Era Globalisasi</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> kompetisi tenaga kerja antarnegara akan semakin
sengit</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">1. Agar Kesejahteraan terjamin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2. Melindungi tenaga kerja<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Karena perbedaan kemakmuran, fasiliras, UMP,
dll<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Memperluas & mengembangkan kesempatan
kerja luar negeri<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sistem Ekonomi</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Strategi suatu Negara mengatur kehidupan ekonomiya dalam mencapai
kemakmuran</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3 macan sistim ekonomi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sistem ekonomi Pasar Bebas/Liberal </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
Pengaturan kehidupan ekonomi diserahkan pada mekanisme pasar/swasta</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sistem Ekonomi Perencanaan Sentral/sosialis</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Pengaturan kehidupan ekonomi dikelola langsung oleh Negara</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">ü<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sistem Ekonomi Campuran</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
Pengaturan kehidupan ekonomi dikelola bersama oleh swasta & pemerintah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">10.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kebaikan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Adanya kebebasan berusaha<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kemampuan individu berkembang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perekonomian berkembang pesat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l14 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perkembangan teknologi menjadi pesat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 10pt 21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Keburukan
:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Terjadinya monopoli<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Orang yg tdk memiliki kepandaian akan tertindas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Keadaan ekonomi tidak stabil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l12 level1 lfo6; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Terjadi kesengajaan social yang mencolok antara kaya & miskin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">11.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kebaikan :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">«<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tercapainya pemerataan pendapatan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">«<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mudah melaksanakan pengawasan & pengendalian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 104%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.1pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">«<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pemerintah bertanggung jawab secara penuh thd kondisi perekonomian
Negara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 104%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.1pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo7; text-indent: -17.85pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">«<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan perekonomian ditentukan oleh Negara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 104%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.1pt; mso-hyphenate: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 104%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 14.2pt; mso-hyphenate: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Keburukan : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 104%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 50.2pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">##</span>  
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pengelolaan perekonomian menjadi sulit dan
rumit</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 104%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 50.2pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">##   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kreativitas individu tdk berkembang<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 104%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 50.2pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">##</span>  
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kebebasan individu terbatas<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 104%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 50.2pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo15; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: small;">##</span> 
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Jenis barang produksi tdk variatif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 104%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 50.2pt; mso-hyphenate: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">12.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Karena adanya kekurangan dari system ekonomi
liberal dan sosialis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">13.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3 ciri positif perekonomian Indonesia :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Fakir miskin & anak” yang terlantar dipelihara oleh Negara<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Perekonomian disusun sebagai usaha bersama berdasarkan asas kekeluargaan
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo8; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">v<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Hak milik perorangan diakui & pemanfaatannya tidak boleh
bertentangan dengan kepentingan masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: normal; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">14.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kesejahteraan bersama<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">15.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3 sektor usaha formal dalam sistim demokrasi
ekonomi :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">BUMN<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">BUMS<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l11 level1 lfo9; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">§<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Koperasi<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">16.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Keuangan Negara</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"> Posisi penerimaan & pengeluaran Negara untuk melaksanakan tugasnya
sehari-hari dalam rangka peningkatan kemakmuran masyarakat melalui
program”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>pembangunan</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">17.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Mencari keuntungan sebanyak-banyak nya<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">18.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Alasan pemerintah pajak merupp salah satu
sumber utama pendapatan Negara :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Webdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Webdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Œ<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Ekspor Tambang dan migas suatu saat nanti akan habis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Webdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Webdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Œ<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Karena Negara” maju banyak menggunakan sumber energy alternatif<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo10; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Webdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Webdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">Œ<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pajak merupakan pendapatan Negara terbesar<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">19.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3 unsur pajak :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Webdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Webdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Subjek Pajak : Pribadi, badan & bentuk usaha tetap yang memiliki
kewajiban membayar pajak kepada Negara.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Webdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Webdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Objek Pajak<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span> : Sesuatu yang
menjadi sasaran pajak<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l13 level1 lfo11; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Webdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Webdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Webdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">b<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"> 
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Tarif Pajak<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>
: TInggi rendahnya tingkat pajak yang harus dibayar oleh subjek pajak terhadap
objek pajak yang menjadi tanggungannya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">20.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">kriteria sistim Pajak :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Distribusi beban pajak harus adil<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Beban lebih pajak harus seminimal mungkin<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Memiliki kepastian<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dapat dilaksanakan<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo12; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">·<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">        
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dapat diterima<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">21.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pajak langsung </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">
pungutan resmi dari Negara yang secara langsung dibayar oleh subjek pajak /
wajib pajak. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Contoh</i></b> : PBB, PPh, PKB</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pajak tidak langsung </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;">®</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>Pungutan
resmi dari Negara yang harus dibayar oleh wajib pajak yang telah dibayarkan itu
dapat digeser kepihak lain secara tidak langsung. <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Contoh</i></b> : Pajak
Impor,<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>PPN, Cukai</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">22.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">2 macam pajak berdasarkan wewenangnya :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">X<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pajak Nergara dipungut oleh pemerintah pusat. Contoh : PPh, PPn, PBB<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo13; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">X<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pajak Negara dipungut oleh pemerintahan daerah, Contoh : PKB, Pajak
Hiburan, Pajak Balik nama Kendaraan Bermotor<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">23.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sistim progresif</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">, yang artinya masyarakat yg<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>berpenghasilan lbh tinggi hrs membayar lebih
banyak pajak dibandingkan dg masyarakat yg kurang mampu<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">24.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">3 fungsi pajak : <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">1. </span> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai alat untuk menciptakan social<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Kebijakan perpajakan memungkinkan Negara untuk melakukan pembangunan yg
menyeluruh dan merata, sehingga dpt dinikmati oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">2. </span>   </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai pendorong pertumbuhan Industri baru<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pemerintahan mendorong pertumbuhan industry baru melalui perpajakan
dengan membebaskan pajak suatu industry<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo14; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";"><span style="font-family: Arial; font-size: x-small;">3. </span>   </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Sebagai alat pengendalian ekonomi nasional<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Dengan kebijakan perpajakan agar terwujud kestabilan ekonomi dgn menaikan
/ menurunkan / membebaskan pajak pada sector yang ingin dikendalikan.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 103%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -25.1pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 103%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Arial;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">25.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   
</span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">Pendapatan 1 bulan<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                      </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 
</span>5.700.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">PTKP K/O<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                         </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> 
</span>1.200.000              <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                        </span>PKP<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                 </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>4.500.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 36pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;">a. PKP 1 tahun<span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                 </span>=
12 x 4.500.000<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">         </span>= 54.000.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>I <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">          </span>5% <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">      </span>x
25.000.000<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                           </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>1.250.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>II<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span>10% <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">    </span>x
25.000.000<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                           </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>2.500.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>III<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">           </span>15%<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">     </span>x<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">   </span>4.000.000<span style="mso-tab-count: 3;">                           </span>=<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">      </span>600.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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" o:spid="_x0000_s2050" strokeweight=".52906mm" style="height: 0px; margin-left: 342pt; margin-top: 2.25pt; mso-height-percent: 0; mso-height-relative: page; mso-position-horizontal-relative: text; mso-position-horizontal: absolute; mso-position-vertical-relative: text; mso-position-vertical: absolute; mso-width-percent: 0; mso-width-relative: page; mso-wrap-distance-bottom: 0; mso-wrap-distance-left: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-right: 9pt; mso-wrap-distance-top: 0; mso-wrap-style: square; position: absolute; visibility: visible; width: 10.85pt; z-index: 251685888;" type="#_x0000_t32"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">
 <v:stroke joinstyle="miter">
</v:stroke><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></span></v:shape></v:shape></div>
                                                                                --------------------------- +<br />
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span><span style="mso-tab-count: 2;">                </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>4.350.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div align="center" class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: center;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>Pajak 1 bulan =
4.350.000 : 12 = Rp 362.500,00<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">       </span>b.
Penghasilan potong pajak = 5.700.000 – 362.000<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; tab-stops: 21.3pt;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-tab-count: 5;">                                                </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">          </span>= Rp 5.337.500<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 39.3pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<br />
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; mso-themecolor: text1;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>

Ekonomi Kelas 8 Ekonomi: Jawaban kisi-kisi UAS kelas 8 SMP St Yosef

Jawaban KISI-KISI EKONOMI SMPST YOSEF kls 8 Answered by SATRIA ADI email : satriaadi45@gmail.com PIN = 766F9264 Facebook = http://www.f...

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Fisika: Bunyi

05.32 Unknown 1

<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
Halo sobat pembca, saya sekarang akan membahas mengenai Bunyi, ya. Ini dia : </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
 </div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PENGERTIAN BUNYI</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">BUNYI adalah suatu hasil dari benda yang bergetar berupa getaran atau gelombang yang merambat dan memerlukan medium</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">SYARAT TERJADINYA BUNYI</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Adanya sumber bunyi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Adanya medium sebagai alat perantara</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Adanya pendengar atau penerima</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">   </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">KARAKTERISTIK GELOMBANG BUNYI</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Desah atau nada</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Desah adalah frekuensi yang tidak teratur , sedangkan Nada merupakan bunyi yang memiliki frekuensi yang teratur.</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Kekuatan bunyi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Faktor yang memperngaruhi kekuatan bunyi adalah amplitudo, jenis medium, dan jarak ke pendengar</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Warna bunyi</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Keunikan setiap bunyi dengan bunyi yang lainnya yang mempunyai frekuensi yang sama</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo3; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hukum Marsenne</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">“Frekuensi getaran mempengaruhi tinggi dan rendahnya nada, amplitudo getaran sangat mempengaruhi kuat dan lemanya nada”</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 189px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 31px; z-index: 251670528;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/Hp/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" width="31" /></span><span style="height: 36px; left: 0px; margin-left: 189px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 2px; z-index: 251669504;"><img height="36" src="file:///C:/Users/Hp/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.png" width="2" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>F = 1 <span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">    </span>F</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="height: 15px; left: 0px; margin-left: 182px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 9px; z-index: 251668480;"><img height="15" src="file:///C:/Users/Hp/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image003.png" width="9" /></span><span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 196px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 24px; z-index: 251667456;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/Hp/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image004.png" width="24" /></span><span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 157px; margin-top: 2px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 22px; z-index: 251666432;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/Hp/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image005.png" width="22" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">      </span>2l<span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">   </span> ρ . A</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 108pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 54pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PENGELOMPOKAN BUNYI</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Infrasonik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gelombang bunyi yang frekuensinya dibawah 20Hz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh: anjing, kucing dan jangkrik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Audiosonik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gelombang bunyi yang frekuensinya antara 20Hz – 20.000Hz</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh: manusia</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo4; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ultrasonik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gelombang bunyi yang frekuensinya diatas 20.000Hz </span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Contoh: kelelawar dan lumba – lumba</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 72pt; mso-add-space: auto;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Gelombang ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk:</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">          </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Radar</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">          </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">USG</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">          </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengukur kedalaman laut</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">  </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">RESONANSI</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ikut bergetarnya suatu benda karena pengaruh getaran benda lain. Peristiwa resonansi yang bermanfaat dalam kehidupan sehari hari:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Resonansi gendang telinga</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Mengukur cepat rambat bunyi di Udara</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Alat musik</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">    </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">CEPAT RAMBAT BUNYI</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jarak yang ditempuh oleh gelombang bunyi setiap satu sekon. </span></div>
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<span style="height: 4px; left: 0px; margin-left: 155px; margin-top: 22px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 32px; z-index: 251671552;"><img height="4" src="file:///C:/Users/Hp/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image006.png" width="32" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">v = S</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">       </span>t</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>v = cepat rambat bunyi</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>s = jarak yang ditempuh</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>t = waktu yang digunakan</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PEMANTULAN BUNYI</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hukum pemantulan bunyi:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">“ bunyi datang, garis normal, bunyi pantul terletak pada satu bidang datar. Sudut datang sama dengan sudut pantul”</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">GAUNG adalah bunyi pantul yang terdengar bersamaan sebagian dengan bunyi asli sehingga merusak bunyi asli.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">GEMA adalah bunyi pantul yang terdengar setelah bunyi aslinya.</span></div>

Halo sobat pembca, saya sekarang akan membahas mengenai Bunyi, ya. Ini dia : PENGERTIAN BUNYI BUNYI adalah suatu hasil dari benda y...

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Fisika: Cahaya

05.27 Unknown 0

<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Halo sobat pembaca, berikut merupakan pembahasan tentang materi fisika, yaitu Cahaya.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PENGERTIAN CAHAYA</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cahaya merupakan suatu gelombang elektromagnetik yang dalam kondisi tertentu dapat berkelakuan seperti suatu <span class="xt272bxr3" id="xt272bxr3_2">partikel</span>. Sebagai sebuah gelombang cahaya dapat dipantulkan dan dibiaskan, serta mengalami polarisasi dan interferensi. </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">B.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PEMANTULAN CAHAYA</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Karena merupakan paket gelombang, cahaya dapat dipantulkan. Jika mengenai suatu permukaan benda, cahaya akan dipantulkan.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Besar pantulan cahaya bergantung pada jenis permukaan benda. Cermin merupakan benda yang paling baik dalam pemantulan cahaya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Ada dua macam pemantulan cahaya, yaitu:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pemantulan teratur</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berkas sinar sejajar yang mengenai permukaan bidang yang halus dan rata, akan dipantulkan sejajar. Hal <span class="xt272bxr3" id="xt272bxr3_4">ini</span> mengakibatkan banyaknya sinar pantul yang masuk ke mata pengamat. Peristiwa ini disebut pemantulan teratur.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pemantulan baur </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Berkas sinar sejajar yang mengenai permukaan bidang yang kasar atau tidak rata, akan dipantulkan ke segala arah. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyaknya sinar pantul yang tidak masuk ke mata pengamat. Peristiwa ini disebut pemantulan baur (difus)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benda yang terlihat oleh mata ada dua macam, yaitu sumber cahaya dan benda gelap. Sumber cahaya memancarkan berkas cahaya yang masuk ke mata sehingga benda tersebut dapat terlihat. Contoh sumber cahaya : lilin, lampu, matahari, <span class="xt272bxr3" id="xt272bxr3_3">bintang</span>, dll</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benda gelap akan terlihat oleh mata jika berkas cahaya yang dipantulkan oleh benda tersebut masuk ke mata. Benda gelap ada 3 macam :</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benda bening</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benda bening adalah benda yang dapat meneruskan hampir semua cahaya yang diterimanya, contoh: kaca bening.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benda tembus cahaya</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benda tembus cahaya adalah benda gelap yang masih dapat meneruskan sebagian cahaya yang diterimanya. Contoh: kain, dan kertas tipis </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benda tak tembus cahaya</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Benda tak tembus cahaya adalah benda yang sama sekali tidak meneruskan cahaya yang diterimanya, contoh: triplek, <span class="xt272bxr3" id="xt272bxr3_1">karton</span>, kayu</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">C.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PEMBIASAN CAHAYA</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pembiasan cahaya (refraksi) adalah peristiwa pembelokan berkas cahaya yang merambat dari suatu medium ke medium yang lainnya yang berbeda kerapatan optiknya.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>“sinar datang, garis normal, dan sinar bias terletak pada satu bidang dan ketiganya berpotongan pada satu titik”. Pernyataan tersebut dikenal dengan dengan Hukum I Snellius</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">“sinar datang dari medium renggang, menuju ke medium rapat dibiaskan mendekati garis normal. Sebaliknya, sinar datang dari medium rapat menuju ke medium renggang dibiaskan menjauhi garis normal”. Pernyataan ini disebut dengan Hukum II Snellius</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cahaya yang merambat dari suatu medium ke medium lain akan mengalami perubahan kecepatan. Perbandingan antara indeks bias mutlak medium tujuan dan indeks bias mutlak medium asal disebut indeks bias relatif.</span></div>
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/Hp/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" style="cursor: move;" unselectable="on" width="38" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Pada saat cahaya merambat dari udara ke medium lain, panjang gelombang cahaya berubah, tetapi frekuensinya tetap.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Hubungan antara indeks bias dan panjang gelombang adalah sebagai berikut:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">n = λ</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1 / <span style="font-size: small;">λ</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span></span><br />
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/Hp/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" style="cursor: move;" unselectable="on" width="38" /></a><span style="height: 2px; left: 0px; margin-left: 60px; margin-top: 0px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 38px; z-index: 251673600;"><img height="2" src="file:///C:/Users/Hp/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.png" width="38" /></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">      </span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">n =<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">  </span>indeks bias</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">λ</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">1 </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">= panjang gelombang udara</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">λ</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 7pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> = </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">panjang gelombang suatu medium</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Prisma adalah benda tembus cahaya yang terbuat dari kaca dan dibatasi oleh dua bidang permukaan yang membentuk sudut pembias ( β ).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sudut bias adalah sudut antara sinar bias dengan garis normal. Sedangkan sudut datang adalah sudut antara sinar datang dan garis normal.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>Berkas cahaya yang jatuh pada prisma akan dibiaskan sebanyak 2 kali karena prisma mempunyai dua bidang pembias. Sinar datang dibiaskan oleh bidang bias pertama mendekati garis normal. Sinar bias tersebut dibiaskan lagi oleh bidang pembias kedua menjauhi garis normal dan keluar dari prisma.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><span style="mso-tab-count: 1;">            </span>Jika sinar datang dan sinar bias yang keluar dari prisma diperpanjang, kedua sinar tersebut akan mengalami perpotongan. Sudut yang dibentuk oleh perpanjangan sinar datang dan sinar bias yang keluar dari prisma disebut sudut deviasi ( D ).</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">D.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">     </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PEMBENTUKAN BAYANGAN CERMIN DATAR</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cermin datar merupakan benda mengkilap yang dapat memantulkan hampir semua cahaya yang mengenainya secara teratur. Sifat sifat bayangan yang terjadi pada cermin datar:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Maya, karena bayangan benda tidak dapat ditangkap layar</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Tegak, karena posisi bayangan sama dengan posisi benda</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Sama besar, karena bayangan sama besar dengan benda</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Bersebelahan, karena letak bayangan selalu berlawanan dengan letak benda</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Jarak bayangan ke cermin sama dengan jarak benda ke cermin</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">E.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PEMBENTUKAN BAYANGAN CERMIN dan LENSA CEKUNG</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cermin cekung mempunyai permukaan bagian dalam yang mengkilap sehingga dapat memantulkan hampir semua cahaya yang mengenainya. Berkas sinar datang dengan sumbu utama dipantukan mengumpul menuju ke titik fokus. </span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lensa cekung bersifat divergen, yaitu menyebarkan berkas cahaya yang dibiaskan. Pembentukan bayangan oleh lensa cekung. Sifat sifat bayangan yang dibentuk oleh lensa cekung:</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">          </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Selalu tegak</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">          </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Selalu maya , didepan lensa</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">          </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Selalu diperkecil</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">F.<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">      </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">PEMBENTUKAN BAYANGAN CERMIN danLENSA CEMBUNG</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Cermin cembung mempunyai permukaan luar yang mengkilap sehingga dapat memantulkan hampir seluruh cahaya yang mengenainya. Sinar yang datang menuju cermin cembung dipantulkan dengan sudut yang besarnya sama dengan sudut datang.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Lensa cembung bersifat konvergen, yaitu: mengumpulkan berkas cahaya yang dibiaskan. Pembentukan bayangan oleh lensa cembung memiliki sifat bayangan:</span></div>
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<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">          </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Terbalik</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 90pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">          </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Nyata, dibelakang lensa</span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 90pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 7pt/normal "Times New Roman";">          </span></span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";">Diperbesar </span></div>

Fisika IPA Kelas 8 Fisika: Cahaya

Halo sobat pembaca, berikut merupakan pembahasan tentang materi fisika, yaitu Cahaya. PENGERTIAN CAHAYA Cahaya merupakan suatu gelombang...

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Fisika: Alat-alat Optik

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Halo sobat pembaca, kali ini saya akan membahas mengenai materi dalam pelajaran fisika kelas 8, yaitu Alat-alat Optik.<br />
Berikut merupakan hasil tulisan saya yg beberapa saya mencari referensi dari blog lain.<br />
Mungkin sobat-sobat butuh latihan soal mengenai ini semua, kunjungi blog ini -> <a href="http://nsurata-belajarfisika.blogspot.com/" target="_blank">"Belajar fisika"</a><br />
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<strong><span style="font-size: x-large;">Alat Optik</span></strong>    <br />
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Cermin dan lensa serta prinsip kerjanya memberikan sarana pemahaman bagi pemanfaatannya untuk mempermudah dan membantu kehidupan manusia. Alat-alat yang bekerja berdasarkan prinsip optik (cermin dan lensa) digolongkan sebagai alat optik.<br />
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<strong>Mata </strong></div>
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Salah satu alat optik alamiah yang merupakan salah satu anugerah dari Sang Pencipta adalah mata. Di dalam mata terdapat lensa kristalin yang terbuat dari bahan bening, berserat, dan kenyal. Lensa kristalin atau lensa mata berfungsi mengatur pembiasan yang disebabkan oleh cairan di depan lensa. Cairan <span class="w3aa3" id="w3aa3_3">ini</span> dinamakan <em><span class="w3aa3" id="w3aa3_2">aqueous</span> humor</em>. Intensitas cahaya yang masuk ke mata diatur oleh pupil.</div>
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<img alt="Bagian-bagian mata" class="size-full wp-image-168" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/eye_diagram2.gif?w=479" title="eye_diagram2" /><br />
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Bagian-bagian mata</div>
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<strong>Bagian-bagian Mata</strong><br />
1. Kornea, fungsi : bagian depan mata memiliki kelengkungan yg lebih tajam dan dilapisi selaput cahaya<br />
2. Lensa mata, fungsi : mengatur pembiasan cahaya yang msk ke mata<br />
3. Iris, fungsi : selaput yg membentuk celah lingkaran dan berfungsi memberi warna pada mata<br />
4. Pupil, fungsi : celah lingkaran yg dibentuk oleh iris, lebar pupil disesuaikan dg intensitas cahaya yg masuk<br />
5. Retina, fungsi : bagian permukaan belakang mata yang berfungsi sbg layar<br />
<br />
Cahaya yang masuk ke mata difokuskan oleh lensa mata ke bagian belakang mata yang disebut <span class="w3aa3" id="w3aa3_4">retina</span>. Bentuk bayangan benda yang jatuh di retina seolah-olah direkam dan disampaikan ke otak melalui saraf optik. Bayangan inilah yang sampai ke otak dan memberikan kesan melihat benda kepada mata. Jadi, mata dapat melihat objek dengan jelas apabila bayangan benda (bayangan nyata) terbentuk tepat di retina.<br />
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Lensa mata merupakan lensa yang kenyal dan fleksibel yang dapat menyesuaikan dengan objek yang dilihat. Karena bayangan benda harus selalu difokuskan tepat di retina, lensa mata selalu berubah-ubah untuk menyesuaikan objek yang dilihat. Kemampuan mata untuk menyesuaikan diri terhadap objek yang dilihat dinamakan daya akomodasi mata.</div>
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<a href="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/2-10a-2.jpg?w=479" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="daya akomodasi mata" border="0" class="size-full wp-image-169" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/2-10a-2.jpg?w=479" title="2-10a-2" /></a><br />
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daya akomodasi mata</div>
</div>
<br />
Saat mata melihat objek yang dekat, lensa mata akan berakomodasi menjadi lebih cembung agar bayangan yang terbentuk jatuh tepat di retina. Sebaliknya, saat melihat objek yang jauh, lensa mata akan menjadi lebih pipih untuk memfokuskan bayangan tepat di retina.<br />
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Titik terdekat yang mampu dilihat oleh mata dengan jelas disebut titik dekat mata (punctum proximum/PP). Pada saat melihat benda yang berada di titik dekatnya, mata dikatakan berakomodasi maksimum. Titik dekat mata disebut juga dengan jarak <span class="w3aa3" id="w3aa3_1">baca</span> normal karena jarak yang lebih dekat dari jarak ini tidak nyaman digunakan untuk membaca dan mata akan terasa lelah. Jarak baca normal atau titik dekat mata adalah sekitar 25 cm.</div>
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Adapun, titik terjauh yang dapat dilihat oleh mata dengan jelas disebut titik jauh mata (punctum remotum/PR). Pada saat melihat benda yang berada di titik jauhnya, mata berada dalam kondisi tidak berakomodasi. Jarak titik jauh mata normal adalah di titik tak hingga (~).</div>
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<strong></strong> </div>
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<strong>Rabun Jauh(Miopi) dan Cara Memperbaikinya</strong></div>
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Orang yang menderita rabun jauh atau miopi tidak mampu melihat dengan jelas objek yang jauh tapi tetap mampu melihat dengan jelas objek di titik dekatnya (pada jarak 25 cm). titik jauh mata orang yang menderita rabun jauh berada pada jarak tertentu (mata normal memiliki titik jauh tak berhingga).</div>
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Rabun jauh dapat diperbaiki dengan menggunakan lensa divergen yang bersifat menyebarkan (memencarkan) sinar. Lensa divergen atau lensa cekung atau lensa negatif dapat membantu lensa mata agar dapat memfokuskan bayangan tepat di retina.</div>
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<img alt="miopi dikoreksi menggunakan lensa negatif" class="size-full wp-image-172" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/myopi1.png?w=479" title="myopi1" /><br />
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miopi dikoreksi menggunakan lensa negatif</div>
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Jarak fokus lensa dan kuat lensa yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki mata yang mengalami rabun jauh dapat ditentukan berdasarkan persamaan lensa tipis dan rumus kuat lensa.<br />
<img alt="pers01" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-173" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pers01.gif?w=479" title="pers01" /><img alt="pers02" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-174" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pers02.gif?w=479" title="pers02" />Di sini jarak <em>s</em> adalah jarak tak hingga (titik jauh mata normal), dan <em>s’</em> adalah titik jauh mata (PR). Prinsip dasarnya adalah lensa negatif digunakan untuk memindahkan (memajukan) objek pada jarak tak hingga agar menjadi bayangan di titik jauh mata tersebut sehingga mata dapat melihat objek dengan jelas.<br />
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<strong></strong> </div>
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<strong>Rabun Dekat (Hipermetropi) dan Cara Memperbaikinya</strong></div>
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Orang yang menderita rabun dekat atau hipermetropi tidak mampu melihat dengan jelas objek yang terletak di titik dekatnya tapi tetap mampu melihat dengan jelas objek yang jauh (tak hingga). Titik dekat mata orang yang menderita rabun dekat lebih jauh dari jarak baca normal (PP > 25 cm).</div>
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Cacat mata hipermetropi dapat diperbaiki dengan menggunakan lensa konvergen yang bersifat mengumpulkan sinar. Lensa konvergen atau lensa cembung atau lensa positif dapat membantu lensa mata agar dapat memfokuskan bayangan tepat di retina.</div>
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<img alt="hipermetropi dikoreksi menggunakan lensa positif" class="size-full wp-image-175" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/hiper.png?w=479" title="hiper" /><br />
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hipermetropi dikoreksi menggunakan lensa positif</div>
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Jarak fokus lensa dan kuat lensa yang digunakan untuk memperbaiki mata yang mengalami hipermetropi dapat ditentukan berdasarkan persamaan lensa tipis dan rumus kuat lensa.<br />
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<img alt="pers011" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-176" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pers011.gif?w=479" title="pers011" /><img alt="pers03" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-177" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pers03.gif?w=479" title="pers03" />Di sini jarak <em>s</em> adalah jarak titik dekat mata normal (25 cm), dan <em>s’</em> adalah titik dekat mata (PP). Prinsip dasarnya adalah lensa positif digunakan untuk memindahkan (memundurkan) objek pada jarak baca normal menjadi bayangan di titik dekat mata tersebut sehingga mata dapat melihat objek dengan jelas.</div>
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<strong>Mata Tua (Presbiopi) dan Cara Memperbaikinya</strong></div>
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Presbiopi adalah cacat mata yang timbul akibat daya akomodasi mata berkurang karena faktor pertambahan usia sehingga letak titik dekat dan titik jauh mata bergeser. Penderita presbiopi dapat dibantu dengan menggunakan kacamata berlensa rangkap (lensa positif dan negatif sekaligus).<br />
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<strong>Astigmatisma dan Cara Memperbaikinya</strong><br />
Astigmatisma adalah cacat mata yang disebabkan karena kornea mata tidak berbentuk sferis (irisan bola), melainkan melengkung pada satu bidang dari bidang yang lain (berbentuk silinder). Penderita astigmatisma tidak dapat melihat garis-garis horisontal dan vertikal secara bersamaan. Penderita astigmatisma dapat dibantu dengan menggunakan kacamata berlensa silindris.</div>
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<strong></strong><br />
<strong>Kamera</strong><br />
Kamera adalah alat optik yang memiliki mekanisme mirip dengan mekanisme kerja mata. Kamera memiliki bagian-bagian sebagai berikut.<br />
1.    Film<br />
2.    Lensa kamera (lensa cembung)<br />
3.    Diafragma<br />
4.    Pengatur fokus<br />
5.    Pengatur kecepatan pembukaan dan penutupan layar.<br />
Sifat bayangan kamera adalah nyata, terbalik, dan diperkecil.<br />
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<strong>Kaca Pembesar</strong></div>
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Kaca pembesar atau lup digunakan untuk melihat benda kecil yang tidak bisa dilihat dengan mata secara langsung. Lup menggunakan sebuah lensa cembung atau lensa positif untuk memperbesar objek menjadi bayangan sehingga dapat dilihat dengan jelas.</div>
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<img alt="180px-magnifying_glass2" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-180" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/180px-magnifying_glass2.jpg?w=479" title="180px-magnifying_glass2" />Bayangan yang dibentuk oleh lup bersifat maya, tegak, dan diperbesar. Untuk mendapatkan bayangan semacam ini objek harus berada di depan lensa dan terletak diantara titik pusat O dan titik fokus <em>F</em> lensa. untuk menghasilkan bayangan yang diinginkan, lup dapat digunakan dalam dua macam cara, yaitu dengan mata berakomodasi maksimum dan dengan mata tidak berakomodasi.</div>
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Lup dapat digunakan dengan mata berakomodasi maksimum untuk mendapatkan perbesaran bayangan yang diinginkan. Agar mata berakomodasi maksimum, bayangan yang terbentuk harus tepat berada di titik dekat mata (<em>s’</em> = <em>s<sub>n</sub></em> = jarak titik dekat mata).</div>
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<img alt="lup3-300x105" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-179" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/lup3-300x105.gif?w=479" title="lup3-300x105" />Perbesaran bayangan yang dihasilkan oleh lup dengan mata berakomodasi maksimum adalah</div>
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<img alt="pers09" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-203" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pers09.gif?w=479" title="pers09" />Dimana <em>P/M bm</em> adalah perbesaran lup, <em>s<sub>n</sub></em> adalah jarak titik dekat mata (<em>s<sub>n</sub></em> = 25 cm untuk mata normal), dan <em>f</em> adalah jarak fokus lup.</div>
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Menggunakan lup dalam keadaan mata berakomodasi maksimum membuat mata menjadi cepat lelah. Agar mata relaks dan tidak cepat lelah, lup digunakan dalam keadaan mata tidak berakomodasi. Untuk mendapatkan perbesaran bayangan yang diinginkan dalam keadaan mata tidak berakomodasi, bayangan yang terbentuk harus berada sangat jauh di depan lensa (jarak tak hingga). dalam hal ini objek harus berada di titik fokus lensa (<em>s</em> = <em>f</em>).</div>
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<img alt="lup2-300x2041" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-182" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/lup2-300x2041.gif?w=479" title="lup2-300x2041" />Perbesaran bayangan yang dihasilkan oleh lup dengan mata tidak berakomodasi adalah</div>
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<img alt="pers051" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-188" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pers051.gif?w=479" title="pers051" />Dimana <em>P atau Mtb</em> adalah perbesaran lup, <em>s<sub>n</sub></em> adalah jarak titik dekat mata (<em>s<sub>n</sub></em> = 25 cm untuk mata normal), dan <em>f</em> adalah jarak fokus lup.<br />
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 </div>
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<strong>Mikroskop</strong></div>
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Perbesaran bayangan yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan lup yang hanya menggunakan sebuah lensa cembung kurang maksimal dan terbatas. Untuk mendapatkan perbesaran yang lebih besar diperlukan susunan alat optik yang lebih baik. Perbesaran yang lebih besar dapat diperoleh dengan membuat susunan dua buah lensa cembung. Susunan alat optik ini dinamakan mikroskop yang dapat menghasilkan perbesaran sampai lebih dari 20 kali.</div>
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Sebuah mikroskop terdiri atas dua buah lensa cembung (lensa positif). lensa yang dekat dengan objek (benda) dinamakan lensa objektif, sedangkan lensa yang dekat mata dinamakan lensa okuler. Jarak fokus lensa okuler lebih besar daripada jarak fokus lensa objektif.</div>
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<img alt="mikroskop dan bagian-bagiannya" class="size-medium wp-image-184" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/mikroskop_chy.jpg?w=277&h=300" title="mikroskop_chy" /><br />
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mikroskop dan bagian-bagiannya</div>
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<img alt="pembentukan bayangan pada mikroskop" class="size-full wp-image-185" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/mikroskop1-300x127.gif?w=479" title="mikroskop1-300x127" /><br />
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pembentukan bayangan pada mikroskop</div>
</div>
Objek yang ingin diamati diletakkan di depan lensa objektif di antara titik <em>F<sub>ob</sub></em> dan 2<em>F<sub>ob</sub></em>. Bayangan yang terbentuk oleh lensa objektif adalah <em>I</em><sub>1</sub> yang berada di belakang lensa objektif dan di depan lensa okuler. Bayangan ini bersifat nyata, terbalik, dan diperbesar. Bayangan <em>I</em><sub>1</sub> akan menjadi benda bagi lensa okuler dan terletak di depan lensa okuler antara pusat optik O dan titik fokus okuler <em>F<sub>ok</sub></em>. Di sini lensa okuler akan berfungsi sebagai lup dan akan terbentuk bayangan akhir <em>I</em><sub>2</sub> di depan lensa okuler. Bayangan akhir <em>I</em><sub>2</sub> yang terbentuk bersifat maya, diperbesar, dan terbalik terhadap objek semula.<br />
<div class="MsoNormal">
Perbesaran yang dihasilkan mikroskop adalah gabungan dari perbesaran lensa objektif dan perbesaran lensa okuler. Perbesaran lensa objektif mikroskop adalah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<img alt="pers062" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-192" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pers062.gif?w=479" title="pers062" />Dimana <em>P<sub>ob</sub></em> adalah perbesaran lensa objektif, <em>s’<sub>ob</sub></em> adalah jarak bayangan lensa objektif dan <em>s<sub>ob</sub></em> adalah jarak objek di depan lensa objektif.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Adapun perbesaran lensa okuler mikroskop sama dengan perbesaran lup, yaitu sebagai berikut.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<img alt="pers072" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-190" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pers072.gif?w=479" title="pers072" />Mtot = M ob x M ok<br />
                        = Si ob / So ob x  (Sn/f ok + 1)</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
untuk mata berakomodasi maksimum, dan </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<img alt="pers08" class="alignleft size-full wp-image-191" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pers08.gif?w=479" title="pers08" /> Mtot = M ob x M ok<br />
                        = Si ob / So ok x ( Sn/f ok )</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
untuk mata tidak berakomodasi</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
Dimana <em>P<sub>ok</sub></em> adalah perbesaran lensa okuler, <em>s<sub>n</sub></em> adalah jarak titik dekat mata (untuk mata normal <em>s<sub>n</sub></em> = 25 cm), dan <em>f<sub>ok</sub></em> adalah jarak fokus lensa okuler.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Perbesaran total mikroskop adalah hasil kali perbesaran lensa objektif dan perbesaran lensa okuler. Jadi,</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<em>P</em> = <em>P<sub>ob</sub></em> × <em>P<sub>ok</sub></em></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Hal-hal penting yang perlu diketahui berkaitan dengan mikroskop:</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
 (1)jarak antara lensa objektif dan lensa okuler disebut juga panjang tabung (<em>d</em>). panjang tabung sama dengan penjumlahan jarak bayangan yang dibentuk lensa objektif (<em>s’<sub>ob</sub></em>) dengan jarak benda (bayangan pertama) ke lensa okuler (<em>s<sub>ok</sub></em>).</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<em>d</em> = <em>s’<sub>ob</sub></em> + <em>s<sub>ok</sub></em></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
(2)menggunakan mikroskop dengan mata berakomodasi maksimum berarti letak bayangan akhir berada di titik dekat mata di depan lensa okuler. Jadi, dapat dituliskan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<em>s’<sub>ok</sub></em> = −<em>s<sub>n</sub></em></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
(3)menggunakan mikroskop dengan mata tidak berakomodasi berarti jarak benda di depan lensa okuler (<em>s<sub>ok</sub></em> ) berada tepat di titik fokus lensa okuler (<em>f<sub>ok</sub></em>). Jadi, dapat dituliskan</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<em>s<sub>ok</sub></em> = <em>f<sub>ok</sub></em></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
 </div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 0.5in; text-align: center; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong>Proyektor</strong><br />
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Proyektor adalah alat yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan suatu bayangan yang lebih besar dari objek aslinya pada layar. Objek tersebut berupa gambar dan tulisan. Bagian-bagian dari proyektor yakni cermin cekung, lensa cembung, lensa plankonveks, dan lensa proyektor lampu. Lensa proyektor berfungsi mengumpulkan cahaya pada layar untuk membentuk bayangan tajam, dan cermin cekung berfungsi memantulkan cahaya pada lensa agar cahaya terkumpul pada slaid.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
a. EPISKOP -> memproyeksikan gambar tak tembus cahaya</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
b. DIASKOP -> memproyeksikan gambar tembus cahaya. Contoh : proyektor slide, proyektor film, over head projektor ( OHP )</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<a href="http://pustakafisika.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/proyektor.jpg" sl-processed="1"><img alt="" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2020" src="http://pustakafisika.files.wordpress.com/2012/11/proyektor.jpg?w=595" title="proyektor" /></a></div>
<strong>Teropong </strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
adalah alat optik yang berfungsi untuk melihat benda-benda yang sangat jauh sehingga tampak lebih dekat dan jelas. Ada dua jenis teropong sebagai berikut.<br />
1.    Teropong bias, yakni teropong yang menggunakan lensa objektif untuk membiaskan cahaya. Contohnya seperti teropong bintang, teropong Bumi, teropong panggung, dan teropong prisma (binokular).<br />
2.    Teropong pantul, yakni teropong yang menggunakan cermin cekung besar sebagai objektif untuk memantulkan cahaya. Contohny seperti teropong pantul astronomi.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong></strong> </div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<strong>Teropong Bintang</strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtq45Ln2m5zFYkyx8WowFHSPJEsPHeZsI1JrpwkmiBIZqvC4p97QhsUrUDwBrQEQv-mEEYHKqrQW59DJvEwGj3E_nVMHizxVWT6zZXrPeUVkx8KMwzrQc0Exbp8FSBHL2vn87LgWQW-Fs/s1600/gambar+teropong+bintang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 19px; line-height: 28px; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtq45Ln2m5zFYkyx8WowFHSPJEsPHeZsI1JrpwkmiBIZqvC4p97QhsUrUDwBrQEQv-mEEYHKqrQW59DJvEwGj3E_nVMHizxVWT6zZXrPeUVkx8KMwzrQc0Exbp8FSBHL2vn87LgWQW-Fs/s1600/gambar+teropong+bintang.jpg" /></a><br />
Bintang-bintang di langit yang letaknya sangat jauh tidak dapat dilihat secara langsung oleh mata. Teropong atau teleskop dapat digunakan untuk melihat bintang atau objek yang letaknya sangat jauh.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Teropong terdiri atas dua lensa cembung, sebagaimana mikroskop. Pada teropong jarak fokus lensa objektif lebih besar daripada jarak fokus lensa okuler (<em>f<sub>ob</sub></em> > <em>f<sub>ok</sub></em>). Teropong digunakan dengan mata tidak berakomodasi agar tidak cepat lelah karena teropong digunakan untuk mengamati bintang selama berjam-jam. Dengan mata tidak berakomodasi, bayangan lensa objektif harus terletak di titik fokus lensa okuler. Dengan demikian, panjang teropong (atau jarak antara kedua lensa) adalah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<em>d</em> = <em>f<sub>ob</sub></em> + <em>f<sub>ok</sub></em></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
dimana <em>f<sub>ob</sub></em> adalah jarak fokus lensa objektif dan <em>f<sub>ok</sub></em> adalah jarak fokus lensa okuler.<br />
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSJlFAmydAdVOFVPAyi8PfYLiZIvtKyEcB63Nx25r4FGnirqd-qWRoSjwI5Yp8wMGWqMm4tEYtljueyNzmj-43yvnxfLa_w5p4O0tCwrcbTNcSr6kOZhZTbONZZbXp7dubhp5GW87kJJQ/s1600/jalannya+sinar+pada+teropong+bintang.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; font-size: medium; line-height: normal; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSJlFAmydAdVOFVPAyi8PfYLiZIvtKyEcB63Nx25r4FGnirqd-qWRoSjwI5Yp8wMGWqMm4tEYtljueyNzmj-43yvnxfLa_w5p4O0tCwrcbTNcSr6kOZhZTbONZZbXp7dubhp5GW87kJJQ/s1600/jalannya+sinar+pada+teropong+bintang.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
Adapun perbesaran <em>P</em> yang dihasilkan oleh teropong adalah</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/proxy/AVvXsEjtmGAE_31a87S7bZiuiLabik-kin3lQ6VYaAYj-BzvDKEcIxfg2JNazMy1o3k0FcG5x7dgiuoE82NiD99M88XBI-06zYeL_y87EuSUpvGX5EP4iyQ7054RghYTM-tBRmkrrw0jxYi-d-1EhSKLGj9-VUwliODvOqZgAqvPoLU=" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="pers10" border="0" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-205" src="http://aktifisika.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/pers10.gif?w=479" title="pers10" /></a></div>
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<strong>Teropong Bumi</strong></div>
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</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Teropong bumi adalah teropong yang dugunakan untuk melihat benda-benda jauh yang</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"> </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">ada dipermukaan bumi.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;">Teropong bumi terdiri dari 3 lensa<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">1.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Lensa objek<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">2.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Lensa pembalik<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">3.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;">     </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Lensa okuler<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 35.45pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, "Times New Roman", serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Lensa pembalik merupakan lensa positif juga, berfungsi membalik bayangan yang dihasilkan objektif supaya menjadi tegak</span><span style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">. </span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Jadi bayangan ob</span><span style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">j</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">ektif akan jatuh di titik fokus ob</span><span style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">j</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">ektif yang berimpit dengan titik pusat kelengkungan pembalik</span><span style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px; text-indent: -18pt;">Bayangan pembalik akan jatuh di titik fokus okuler. Secara tegak, sama besar dengan bayangan objektif. </span><span style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px; text-indent: -18pt;">Bayangan akhir oleh akuler akan tampak tegak.</span></span> </span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Panjang teropong<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">D = S’ob + Sp +S’p + Sok<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">D = fob + 2fp + 2fp + fok<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">D = fob + 4fp + fok<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify;">
<span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sifat bayangan :<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; line-height: 28px;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Maya<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; line-height: 28px;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Tegak</span></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: "Courier New"; line-height: 28px;">o<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;">       </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Diperbesar</span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 28px;"></span> </div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Teropong panggung = gali</span><span style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">leo</span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"> = belanda<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 28px;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;">        </span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;">Teropong panggung hampir sama dengan teropong bumi, bedanya pada okuler menggunakan lensa negatif dan tidak menggunakan pembalik.</span></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 22px; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Symbol; line-height: 28px;">·<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman"; line-height: normal;">      <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">  </span></span></span><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lukisan jalannya sinar</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"></span></span> </div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span lang="IN" style="font-family: Cambria; line-height: 28px;"></span></span> </div>
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